In the exam, you are often tested with these symbols: ⇒, ⇐ and ⇔. ⇒ means 'leads to' or 'implies' and you can also use these yourself when you're presenting an argument step by step. Here's an easy example:
Write one of the symbols, ⇒, ⇐ or ⇔ between the two statements A and B.
A: Nimrod is a cat.
B: Nimrod has whiskers.
You would write A ⇒ B, because all cats have whiskers. You couldn't write ⇐ or ⇔ because not all things with whiskers are cats.
Sufficient and Necessary
You might find these two words helpful in your exam:
Necessary - used when giving the facts which make a statement true. E.g. a necessary condition for a living creature being a spider is that it has eight legs. This isn't a sufficient condition because there are other creatures with eight legs too.
Sufficient - used when giving the facts that make it certain that a statement is true. E.g. If you are a spider, you have to have eight legs.
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